2021/07/27 by Sarnaduti Brahma, Adil Khurram, Brahma, Sarnaduti +5 · 1 citation
Engineering · Materials Science · #FOS: Electrical engineering #Frequency Control in Power Systems #Microgrid Control and Optimization #Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication #Systems and Control (eess.SY) #electronic engineering #information engineering
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.12939
openalex publication_date 2021/07/27 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Packetized energy management (PEM) is a demand dispatch scheme that can be used to provide ancillary services such as frequency regulation. In PEM, distributed energy resources (DERs) are granted uninterruptible access to the grid for a pre-specified time interval called the packet length. This results in a down ramp-limited response in PEM for DERs that can only consume power from the grid. In this work, a linearized virtual battery model of PEM is provided that is capable of predicting the down-ramp limited output of PEM and is used in a model predictive control (MPC) framework to improve the performance of PEM in tracking an automatic generation control (AGC) signal. By performing statistical analysis on the AGC regulation signal, PJM Reg-D, an ARMA model is derived as a predictor for the MPC-based precompensator. Finally, as an alternative to MPC, it is shown that by varying the packet length as a function of time, for example through packet randomization, frequency regulation can be improved under PEM.