2025/11/02 by Erfan Khordad, Khordad, Erfan, Peter J. Smith +7
Computer Science · Engineering · #Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques #Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms #FOS: Electrical engineering #Radar Systems and Signal Processing #Signal Processing (eess.SP) #electronic engineering #information engineering
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.00779
openalex publication_date 2025/11/02 · openalex created_date 2025/11/06 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
This paper presents analysis for target detection using tightly-coupled antenna (TCA) arrays with high mutual coupling (MC). We show that the wide operational bandwidth of TCAs is advantageous for target detection. We assume a sensing receiver equipped with a TCA array that collects joint time and frequency samples of the target's echo signals. Echoes are assumed to be unknown wideband signals, and noise at the TCA array follows a frequency-varying correlation model due to MC. We also assume that the echo signals are time varying, with no assumption on the temporal variation. We consider three regimes in frequency as constant, slowly or rapidly varying, to capture all possible spectral dynamics of the echoes. We propose a novel detector for the slowly-varying regime, and derive detectors based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for the other regimes. For the rapidly-varying regime, we derive an extended energy detector for correlated noise with frequency and time samples. We analyze the performance of all the detectors. We also derive and analyze an ideal detector giving an upper bound on performance. We validate our analysis with simulations and demonstrate that our proposed detector outperforms the MLE-based detectors in terms of robustness to frequency variation. Also, we highlight that TCA arrays offer clear advantages over weakly-coupled antenna arrays in target detection.