2000/04/13 by Y. S. Kim, Kim, Y. S.
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Computational Physics and Python Applications #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) #Quantum Physics (quant-ph) #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #gr-qc #hep-ph #hep-th #nucl-th #quant-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0004061
RevTex 14 pages, 2 figures, presented at the 4th International Conference on Geometrization of Physics (Kazan, Russia, October, 1999), to be published in the proceedings
arxiv created 2000/04/13 · openalex publication_date 2000/04/13 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The energy-mass content of Einstein's E = mc2 is well known. For a fixed value of mass, E = mc2 is an energy-momentum relation which takes the form E = √m2 + p2. This relation was formulated in 1905 for point particles. Since then, particles have become more complicated. They have internal space-time structures. Massive particles carry the package of internal variables including mass, spin and quarks, while massless particles have the package containing helicity, gauge variables, and partons. The question then is whether these two different packages of variables can be unified into one single covariant package as E = mc2 does for the energy-momentum relations for massive and massless particles. The answer to this question is YES.