2010/08/19 by Sarah E. Bush, Sarah E. Bush, Dukgun Kim +3 · 44 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Immunology and Microbiology · Medicine · #Biology #Bird parasitology and diseases #Dermatological diseases and infestations #Evolutionary biology #Geography #Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research #Zoology
paper · doi:10.1086/656269
published in The American Naturalist 176(4), 529-535 (University of Chicago Press)
openalex publication_date 2010/08/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Cryptic coloration is a classic example of evolution by natural selection. However, it has been studied almost exclusively in predator-prey systems, despite the fact that it may evolve in other groups, such as ectoparasites. The principle defense of hosts against ectoparasites is grooming behavior, which has a visual component. Host-imposed selection should lead to the evolution of background matching if it helps ectoparasites escape from grooming. Here we use sister taxa comparisons to show that avian feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) have evolved coloration that matches the host's plumage, except in the case of head lice, which are protected from grooming. We also show covariation of parasite and host color within a single species of louse. Thus, cryptic coloration has evolved both within and between species of feather lice. Other examples of the evolution of crypsis presumably exist among the 70,000 known species of ectoparasites that collectively represent five animal phyla.