2018/10/29 by Boschiroli, Maria-Laura, Biet, Franck
#Animaux de rente #Epidémiologie génomique #Faune sauvage #Genomic epidemiology #Livestock #Wildlife #Zoonose #Zoonosis
paper · doi:10.15454/1.5408056284073337e12
Mycobacterium bovis is the main etiological agent of bovine tuberculosis (TB). Due to collective measures applied to detect and cull infected herds and to protect TB-free ones, France obtained the TB-free status in 2001. However, this zoonosis at the animal-man interphase is still endemic in certain regions where wildlife is also affected. In this context, genotypic analyses of M. bovis strains isolated from multi-host systems demonstrated the complex nature of this disease. Reduction of TB prevalence was associated to a decrease of the genetic diversity of outbreaks’ causative strains. Nonetheless, dominant genotypes exist that persist and circulate among livestock and wildlife. Today, analyses of strains’ whole genomes, combined with classical epidemiological surveys, make it possible to refine the M. bovis evolution scenario and to understand if adaptation mechanisms or intensification of the bacterium pathogenic capacity can explain its current persistence and dissemination.