Madden–Julian Oscillation: Bridging Weather and Climate

2013/04/05 by Chidong Zhang · 739 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Environmental Science · #Arctic oscillation #Climate variability and models #Climatology #Convection #El Niño Southern Oscillation #Environmental science #Geography #Geology #Indian Ocean Dipole #Madden–Julian oscillation #Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations #Meteorology #Monsoon #Northern Hemisphere #Oceanography #Precipitation #Thunderstorm #Tornado #Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research #Tropical cyclone

paper · doi:10.1175/bams-d-12-00026.1

published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 94(12), 1849-1870 (American Meteorological Society)

openalex publication_date 2013/04/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

The Madden–Julian oscillation exerts broad influences on global weather and climate as its center of convection moves from the tropical Indian Ocean into the Pacific. Weather events under the influence of the MJO include precipitation, surface temperature, tropical cyclones, tornadoes, flood, wildfire, and lightning, among others. Several climate phenomena are also affected by the MJO. They are the monsoons, El Niño–Southern Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Pacific and North American pattern, the Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations or northern and southern annual modes, the Indian Ocean dipole, the Wyrtki jets, and the Indonesian Through-flow. This article provides a brief summary of the connections between the MJO and these weather and climate phenomena. These connections demonstrate the critical role of the MJO in the weather–climate continuum and its prediction.

Citations

• Collaboration of the Weather and Climate Communities to Advance Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction

Cited by

• Two-Way Feedback Mechanisms between the Madden-Julian Oscillation and Mesoscale Convective Systems
• DK-STN: A Domain Knowledge Embedded Spatio-Temporal Network Model for MJO Forecast
• Skillful Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Forecasting of Extreme Events with a Multi-Sphere Coupled Probabilistic Model
• Advances and challenges in climate modeling
• Recent asymmetric tropical ocean warming has altered regional propagation of Madden-Julian Oscillation
• AI-Informed Model Analogs for Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction
• A machine learning model for skillful climate system prediction
• Improving the Predictability of the Madden-Julian Oscillation at Subseasonal Scales with Gaussian Process Models
• Some Climatological Aspects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)
• Arctic Sea Ice Loss, Long‐Term Trends in Extratropical Wave Forcing, and the Observed Strengthening of the QBO‐MJO Connection
• Summer heat waves in southeastern Patagonia: an analysis of the intraseasonal timescale
• The Power Spectrum of Climate Change
• Climate and climatic variability of rainfall over eastern Africa
• Extreme Rainfall and Flooding over Central Kenya Including Nairobi City during the Long-Rains Season 2018: Causes, Predictability, and Potential for Early Warning and Actions
• Influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on Tibetan Plateau snow cover at the intraseasonal time-scale. [europepmc]
• Hindcasting the Madden-Julian Oscillation With a New Parameterization of Surface Heat Fluxes. [europepmc]
• Use of an End-to-End-Simulator to Analyze CYGNSS. [europepmc]
• CINDY2011/DYNAMO Madden-Julian oscillation successfully reproduced in global cloud/cloud-system resolving simulations despite weak tropical wavelet power. [europepmc]
• WISHE-Moisture Mode in an Aquaplanet Simulation. [europepmc]
• Changes in the MJO under greenhouse gas-induced warming in CMIP5 models. [europepmc]
• The Tibetan Plateau Uplift is Crucial for Eastward Propagation of Madden-Julian Oscillation. [europepmc]
• Four Theories of the Madden-Julian Oscillation. [europepmc]
• Evaluation of MJO Predictive Skill in Multiphysics and Multimodel Global Ensembles. [europepmc]
• Exploring the long-term changes in the Madden Julian Oscillation using machine learning. [europepmc]
• Madden-Julian Oscillation influence on sub-seasonal rainfall variability on the west of South America. [europepmc]
• Deep learning for bias correction of MJO prediction. [europepmc]
• Interannual variability of the frequency of MJO phases and its association with two types of ENSO. [europepmc]
• Pathways to Better Prediction of the MJO: 2. Impacts of Atmosphere-Ocean Coupling on the Upper Ocean and MJO Propagation. [europepmc]
• Tropical modulation of East Asia air pollution. [europepmc]
• The role of tropical waves in the genesis of Tropical Cyclone Seroja in the Maritime Continent. [europepmc]
• QBO deepens MJO convection. [europepmc]
• A machine learning model that outperforms conventional global subseasonal forecast models. [europepmc]
• Downscaling the ocean response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Northwest Atlantic and adjacent shelf seas. [europepmc]
• Shifts in MJO behavior enhance predictability of subseasonal precipitation whiplashes. [europepmc]
• Assessing the utility of statistical downscaling for subseasonal temperature forecasts. [europepmc]

Related

• Impacts of the Madden Julian Oscillation on Precipitation Extremes in Indonesia
• Key role of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on tropical and subtropical humid heat and heatwaves
• Some Climatological Aspects of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)
• Propagation of the Madden-Julian oscillation as a deterministic chaotic phenomenon
• Enhanced predictions of the Madden-Julian oscillation using the FuXi-S2S machine learning model: Insights into physical mechanisms