Understanding ENSO Diversity

2014/09/22 by Antonietta Capotondi, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Matthew Newman +22 · 46 citations
Environmental Science · Earth and Planetary Sciences · #Climate variability and models #Geology and Paleoclimatology Research #Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research

paper · pdf · doi:10.1175/bams-d-13-00117.1

Abstract

Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.

Cited by

• Evaluating Climate Models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO Metrics Package
• Global Climate
• A climatology of the California Current System from a network of underwater gliders
• Euphausiid spatial displacements and habitat shifts in the southern California Current System in response to El Niño variability
• Global Marine Heatwaves Under Different Flavors of ENSO
• An Optimal Precursor of Northeast Pacific Marine Heatwaves and Central Pacific El Niño Events
• Lessons from paleoclimates for recent and future climate change: opportunities and insights
• Diagnosing the Quasi-Equilibrium Response of ENSO Variability under a Range of CO2 Levels
• Improving ENSO Prediction at Longer Lead Times: Role of Off‐Equatorial South Pacific Heat Content
• Mid‐Holocene rainfall seasonality and ENSO dynamics over the south‐western Pacific
• The 2023/24 El Niño event exhibited unusually weak extratropical teleconnections
• The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010–2018): A climate dynamics perspective
• Bridging Idealized and Operational Models: An Explainable AI Framework for Earth System Emulators
• Evolution of Ocean Heat Content Related to ENSO
• Fine-tuning Atmospheric Parameters for Improving ENSO Simulation in the Zebiak–Cane Model
• Improved Quantification of the Rate of Ocean Warming
• Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Africa
• The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Recharge Oscillator Conceptual Model: Achievements and Future Prospects
• Diversity of Lagged Relationships in Global Means of Surface Temperatures and Radiative Budgets for CMIP6 piControl Simulations
• CCE IV: El Niño-related zooplankton variability in the southern California Current System
• A Simple Intermediate Coupled MJO-ENSO Model: Multiscale Interactions and ENSO Complexity
• Plant community dynamics of lomas fog oasis of Central Peru after the extreme precipitation caused by the 1997-98 El Niño event. [europepmc]
• Revisiting the Pacific Meridional Mode. [europepmc]
• Non-stationary climate-salmon relationships in the Gulf of Alaska. [europepmc]
• Predictability of US West Coast Ocean Temperatures is not solely due to ENSO. [europepmc]
• Interactions between Kuroshio Extension and Central Tropical Pacific lead to preferred decadal-timescale oscillations in Pacific climate. [europepmc]
• The salience of nonlinearities in the boreal winter response to ENSO: Arctic stratosphere and Europe. [europepmc]
• The impacts of Extra-tropical ENSO Precursors on Tropical Pacific Decadal-scale Variability. [europepmc]
• Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of the El Niño (El Niño, La Niña) Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Phenomenon and the Most Important Diseases in Avocado cv. Hass Crops. [europepmc]
• The linearity of the El Niño teleconnection to the Amundsen Sea region. [europepmc]
• Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 and CMIP6: characteristics, biases, and links to ENSO. [europepmc]
• Conditional Gaussian Systems for Multiscale Nonlinear Stochastic Systems: Prediction, State Estimation and Uncertainty Quantification. [europepmc]
• Enhanced interactions of Kuroshio Extension with tropical Pacific in a changing climate. [europepmc]
• The influence of pacific winds on ENSO diversity. [europepmc]
• The increased frequency of combined El Niño and positive IOD events since 1965s and its impacts on maritime continent hydroclimates. [europepmc]
• Variability of ENSO Forecast Skill in 2-Year Global Reforecasts Over the 20th Century. [europepmc]
• Attribution of Space-Time Variability in Global-Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon. [europepmc]
• Emergence of changing Central-Pacific and Eastern-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation in a warming climate. [europepmc]
• Unexpected limitation of tropical cyclone genesis by subsurface tropical central-north Pacific during El Niño. [europepmc]
• Increasingly negative tropical water-interannual CO 2 growth rate coupling. [europepmc]
• Reflections on the impact and response to the Peruvian 2017 Coastal El Niño event: Looking to the past to prepare for the future. [europepmc]
• Explained predictions of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events using deep learning. [europepmc]
• A distinct and reproducible teleconnection pattern over North America during extreme El Niño events. [europepmc]
• Enhanced risk of record-breaking regional temperatures during the 2023-24 El Niño. [europepmc]
• DNA-metabarcoding supports trophic flexibility and reveals new prey species for the Galapagos sea lion. [europepmc]
• Central-Pacific El Niño-Southern Oscillation less predictable under greenhouse warming. [europepmc]

Related

• Contributions of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Diversity to Low-Frequency Changes in ENSO Variance
• A Dual-Core Model for ENSO Diversity: Unifying Model Hierarchies for Realistic Simulations
• The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Recharge Oscillator Conceptual Model: Achievements and Future Prospects
• Modelling the coupling between ocean and atmosphere; the global signature of the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation
• Global Marine Heatwaves Under Different Flavors of ENSO