A low-redshift preference for an interacting dark energy model

2025/03/19 by Yuejia Zhai, Marco de Cesare, Zhai, Yuejia +7 · 14 citations
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Computational Physics and Python Applications #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology

paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.15659

openalex publication_date 2025/03/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

We explore an interacting dark sector model in trace-free Einstein gravity where dark energy has a constant equation of state, w=-1, and the energy-momentum transfer potential is proportional to the cold dark matter density. Compared to the standard ΛCDM model, this scenario introduces a single additional dimensionless parameter, ε, which determines the amplitude of the transfer potential. Using a combination of Planck 2018 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), DESI 2024 Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO), and Pantheon+ Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) data, we derive stringent constraints on the interaction, finding ε to be of the order of ∼ O(10^-4). While CMB and SNIa data alone do not favor the presence of such an interaction, the inclusion of DESI data introduces a mild 1σ preference for an energy-momentum transfer from dark matter to dark energy. This preference is primarily driven by low-redshift DESI BAO measurements, which favor a slightly lower total matter density Ω_m compared to CMB constraints. Although the interaction remains weak and does not significantly alleviate the H₀ and S₈ tensions, our results highlight the potential role of dark sector interactions in late-time cosmology.

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