2023/01/10 by Bin Han, Bill Howe, Han, Bin +1 · 1 citation
Computer Science · #Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) #Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) #Computers and Society (cs.CY) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis #Image and Signal Denoising Methods
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2301.04233
openalex publication_date 2023/01/10 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We adapt image inpainting techniques to impute large, irregular missing regions in urban settings characterized by sparsity, variance in both space and time, and anomalous events. Missing regions in urban data can be caused by sensor or software failures, data quality issues, interference from weather events, incomplete data collection, or varying data use regulations; any missing data can render the entire dataset unusable for downstream applications. To ensure coverage and utility, we adapt computer vision techniques for image inpainting to operate on 3D histograms (2D space + 1D time) commonly used for data exchange in urban settings. Adapting these techniques to the spatiotemporal setting requires handling skew: urban data tend to follow population density patterns (small dense regions surrounded by large sparse areas); these patterns can dominate the learning process and fool the model into ignoring local or transient effects. To combat skew, we 1) train simultaneously in space and time, and 2) focus attention on dense regions by biasing the masks used for training to the skew in the data. We evaluate the core model and these two extensions using the NYC taxi data and the NYC bikeshare data, simulating different conditions for missing data. We show that the core model is effective qualitatively and quantitatively, and that biased masking during training reduces error in a variety of scenarios. We also articulate a tradeoff in varying the number of timesteps per training sample: too few timesteps and the model ignores transient events; too many timesteps and the model is slow to train with limited performance gain.