2021/02/17 by Krylov, K. S., Kuleshov, V. M., Lozovik, Yu. E. +1
#FOS: Physical sciences #Mathematical Physics (math-ph) #Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) #Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2102.08879
Physical problems for which the existence of non-trivial topological Pauli phase (i.e. fractional quantization of angular orbital angular momenta that is possible in 2D case) is essential are discussed within the framework of two-dimensional Helmholtz, Schroedinger and Dirac equations. As examples in classical field theory we consider a "wedge problem" -- a description of a field generated by a point charge between two conducting half-planes -- and a Fresnel diffraction from knife-edge. In few-electron circular quantum dots the choice between integer and half-integer quantization of orbital angular momenta is defined by the Pauli principle. This is in line with precise experimental data for the ground state energy of such quantum dots in a perpendicular magnetic field. In a gapless graphene, as in the case of gapped one, in the presence of overcharged impurity this problem can be solved experimentally, e.g., using the method of scanning tunnel spectroscopy.