2023/09/10 by Nayun Jia, Jia, Nayun, Yin-Da Guo +7 · 3 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.05108
openalex publication_date 2023/09/10 · openalex created_date 2023/09/13 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Ultralight vector particles can form evolving condensates around a Kerr black hole (BH) due to superradiant instability. We study the effect of near-horizon reflection on the evolution of this system: by matching three pieces of asymptotic expansions of the Proca equation in Kerr metric and considering the leading order in the electric mode, we present explicit analytical expressions for the corrected spectrum and the superradiant instability rates. Particularly, in high-spin BH cases, we identify an anomalous situation where the superadiance rate is temporarily increased by the reflection parameter R, which also occurs in the scalar scenario, but is largely magnified in vector condensates due to a faster growth rate in dominant mode. We point out the condition for the growth anomaly in the adiabatic case is that information carried per particle exceeds a certain value δI/δN>2πkB √((1+R)/(1-R)). We further construct several featured quantities to illustrate it, and formalize the anomaly-induced gravitational wave strain deformation.