2025/07/28 by Andy Walton, A. D. Aylward, Mark Thomas +1 · 2 voices · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Biology #Demography #Evolutionary biology #Forensic and Genetic Research #Genealogy #Genetic structure #Genetic variation #Genetics #History #Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease #Panmixia #Population #Population genetics #Race, Genetics, and Society #Sociology
paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/ahg.70015
published in Annals of Human Genetics 89(5), 274-284 (Wiley)
openalex publication_date 2025/07/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
The panmictic population concept is at the heart of population, evolutionary and conservation genetics. However, in nature, true panmictic populations are vanishingly rare. As an idea conceived for modelling evolutionary dynamics, it has been thought that the assumption of panmixia was formalised during the development of the Modern Synthesis. Here, we show that while the idea's longevity is almost certainly due to its mathematical convenience, it became embedded in evolutionary thought much earlier, initially as a way to reconcile long-standing essentialist ideas with the advent of Darwin's theories. Though the principles of essentialism and reversion have been largely rejected, these ideas persist in shaping assumptions made about populations in contemporary genetics research, including how they are conceptualised and sampled. This legacy has important implications for the interpretation of genomic findings in human evolution, conservation and medicine. From an evaluation of this history and its legacy, we contend that while the panmictic population concept has been, and continues to be useful, with the generation of terabytes of genomic data in the 21st century, its utility is likely to diminish as the need for continuous space models grows.