2025/03/12 by Kumar, Anuj, Kumar, Ghanendra, Kumar, Chakresh
Engineering · #16-QAM modulation #Advanced Optical Network Technologies #Advanced Photonic Communication Systems #EDFA #OSNR #Optical Network Technologies #Q-factor #RZ pulse shaping #Raman amplifier #SOA #Ultra-high-speed optical networks
paper · doi:10.57647/j.jtap.2025.1905.45
openalex publication_date 2025/03/12 · openalex created_date 2025/11/12 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/01
High-capacity optical networks are required for data-intensive applications. Using cutting-edge modulation methods like RZ and 16-QAM, this article constructed and assessed a 20 × 100 Gb/s DWDM system to achieve the best spectral efficiency while optimizing resilience to impairments. A hybrid amplification technique that combines Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers, Raman Amplifiers, and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers ensures the quality of long-distance signals. The proposed configuration features 20 channels spaced 50 GHz apart and comprises 20 spans in which each span consist of 30 km dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) and 70 km single-mode fiber (SMF). Simulations used to assess performance using BER, Q-factor, and OSNR demonstrate error-free transmission with improved noise tolerance and decreased dispersion. This paper describes the enhancement of the BER and Q-factor to improve the overall signal and noise management of the system for further integrity. Also assesses spectral reach for tradeoff in 16-QAM in hybrid-amplified systems. The work evaluates single versus hybrid amplification systems and the benefits of using more than one amplification approach for enhanced systems.