2025/04/23 by Dipak Debnath, Debnath, Dipak, Hsiang‐Kuang Chang +1
Engineering · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) #Superconducting Materials and Applications
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.16398
openalex publication_date 2025/04/23 · openalex created_date 2025/10/11 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The Galactic transient black hole candidate MAXI J1834-021 exhibited `faint' outbursting activity for approximately 10 months following its discovery on February 5, 2023. We study the evolution of both the temporal (hard and soft band photon count rates, hardness ratios, and QPO frequencies) and spectral properties of the source using NICER data between March 7 and October 4, 2023. The outburst profile and the nature of QPOs suggest that the source underwent a mini-outburst following the primary outburst. A monotonic evolution of low-frequency QPOs from higher to lower frequencies is observed during the primary outbursting phase. Both phenomenological (diskbb plus powerlaw) and physical (Two Component Advective Flow) model fitted spectral studies suggest that during the entire epoch, the source remained in harder spectral states, with a clear dominance of nonthermal emissions from the `hot' Compton cloud. Based on the evolution of the spectral and temporal properties, the 2023 outbursting activity of MAXI J1834-021 can be classified as a combination of double `failed' outbursts, as no softer spectral states were observed. The spectral analysis with the TCAF model also gives an estimate of the source mass as 12.3±0.2~M_\odot.