2025/08/28 by Nupoor Thakur, Thakur, Nupoor, Navinder Singh Bathinda +1
Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Quantum many-body systems #Thermal properties of materials #cond-mat.stat-mech #cond-mat.str-el
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.00112
openalex publication_date 2025/08/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Quantum mechanics broadly classifies the particles into two categories: (1) fermions and (2) bosons. Fermions are half-integer spin particles, obeying Pauli's exclusion principle and Fermi-Dirac statistics. Whereas bosons are integer spin particles, not obeying Pauli's exclusion principle, and obeying Bose-Einstein statistics. However, there are two exceptions to this standard case: first, anyons, which exist in 2-dimensional systems, and secondly, paraparticles, which can exist in any dimension. Paraparticles follow their non-trivial parastatistics, obeying their generalised exclusion principle. In this paper, we provide a detailed review of the foundations of paraparticle statistics established in \citewang2025particle. We extend this work further and then derive an important expression for the heat capacity of paraparticles for a specific case, which would provide a handle for the experimental detection of paraparticles in appropriate systems.