Cosmographic constraints on a Gödel-type rotating universe

2025/06/01 by Verma, Anshul, Aluri, Pavan K., Mota, David F. +1
#Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences

paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.00860

Abstract

We investigate the possibility of global cosmic rotation using a Gödel-type rotating cosmological model, constrained through a cosmographic analysis of Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) from the Pantheon+ dataset. Employing a Taylor-expanded apparent magnitude--redshift relation derived via the Kristian-Sachs formalism, we analyze low-redshift SNIa data across five redshift bins (up to Z ≤ 0.5). Our results reveal a mild but consistent preference for cosmic rotation, with the dimensionless rotation parameter Ω₀ peaking at 0.29^+0.21_-0.15 for Z ≤ 0.2, and a broadly aligned anisotropy axis centered around equatorial coordinates (243^∘, -49^∘). The inferred Hubble constant h₀ ≈ 0.73 remains stable across all bins, while the deceleration parameter q₀ trends from near-zero to mildly negative values with increasing redshift. Model comparison using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) indicates a statistically significant preference for the rotating model over the standard ΛCDM cosmology at intermediate redshifts. These findings suggest that cosmic rotation, if present, may influence the late-time expansion history of the universe and warrants further investigation beyond the cosmographic regime.

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• Cosmography: Extracting the Hubble series from the supernova data