The Case-Crossover Design: A Method for Studying Transient Effects on the Risk of Acute Events
1991/01/15 by Malcolm Maclure · 42 citations
Mathematics · Economics, Econometrics and Finance · #Advanced Causal Inference Techniques #Statistical Methods and Inference #Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
paper · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853
Abstract
A case-control design involving only cases may be used when brief exposure causes a transient change in risk of a rare acute-onset disease. The design resembles a retrospective nonrandomized crossover study but differs in having only a sample of the base population-time. The average incidence rate ratio for a hypothesized effect period following the exposure is estimable using the Mantel-Haenszel estimator. The duration of the effect period is assumed to be that which maximizes the rate ratio estimate. Self-matching of cases eliminates the threat of control-selection bias and increases efficiency. Pilot data from a study of myocardial infarction onset illustrate the control of within-individual confounding due to temporal association of exposures.
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