Comparison of Sociodemographic and Health-Related Characteristics of UK Biobank Participants With Those of the General Population
2017/06/13 by Anna Fry, Thomas J Littlejohns, Thomas J. Littlejohns +7 · 114 citations
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · #Healthcare Policy and Management #Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life #Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/aje/kwx246
Abstract
The UK Biobank cohort is a population-based cohort of 500,000 participants recruited in the United Kingdom (UK) between 2006 and 2010. Approximately 9.2 million individuals aged 40-69 years who lived within 25 miles (40 km) of one of 22 assessment centers in England, Wales, and Scotland were invited to enter the cohort, and 5.5% participated in the baseline assessment. The representativeness of the UK Biobank cohort was investigated by comparing demographic characteristics between nonresponders and responders. Sociodemographic, physical, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics of the cohort were compared with nationally representative data sources. UK Biobank participants were more likely to be older, to be female, and to live in less socioeconomically deprived areas than nonparticipants. Compared with the general population, participants were less likely to be obese, to smoke, and to drink alcohol on a daily basis and had fewer self-reported health conditions. At age 70-74 years, rates of all-cause mortality and total cancer incidence were 46.2% and 11.8% lower, respectively, in men and 55.5% and 18.1% lower, respectively, in women than in the general population of the same age. UK Biobank is not representative of the sampling population; there is evidence of a "healthy volunteer" selection bias. Nonetheless, valid assessment of exposure-disease relationships may be widely generalizable and does not require participants to be representative of the population at large.
Cited by
- The impact of self-report inaccuracy in the UK Biobank and its interplay with selective participation
- Patterns of brain-wide associations reflect socioeconomics
- Lp(a) testing and treatment with Lp(a)-lowering therapies in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high income countries: A preliminary health technology assessment
- Phenome-wide Analysis of Diseases in Relation to Objectively Measured Sleep Traits and Comparison with Subjective Sleep Traits in 88,461 Adults
- Genetic Risk for Smoking: Disentangling Interplay Between Genes and Socioeconomic Status
- Prognostic Relevance of Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Assessed by Submaximal Exercise Testing for All-Cause Mortality: A UK Biobank Prospective Study
- Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: an observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort
- Replicated blood-based biomarkers for myalgic encephalomyelitis not explicable by inactivity
- Serum free testosterone and asthma, asthma hospitalisations and lung function in British adults
- Female reproductive histories and the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Clonal Hematopoiesis and Its Impact on Human Health
- Cognitive Abilities and Educational Attainment as Antecedents of Mental Disorders: A Total Population Study of Males
- Depression and physical multimorbidity: A cohort study of physical health condition accrual in UK Biobank
- The association of Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk with social connectedness in middle- and older ages
- Principles and Policy Recommendations for Comprehensive Genetic Data Governance
- The UK Biobank Mental Health Enhancement 2022: Methods and Results
- “The risks cannot be compensated”: The willingness to donate DNA for science and its relationship with economic preferences
- Population Prevalence, Penetrance, and Mortality for Genetically Confirmed MODY
- Dissecting the Predictive Accuracy of Polygenic Indexes for Behavioral Phenotypes Across Genetic Ancestries
- The risks of risk assessment: causal blind spots when using prediction models for treatment decisions
- Quantifying potential selection bias in observational research: simulations and Analyses exploring religion and depression using a prospective UK cohort study (ALSPAC)
- Digital Sleep-Wake Cycle Metrics and Dementia Prediction in Older Adults
- Characterisation of the SMN1/2 locus using a highly specific variant caller on whole-genome sequence data from 500,000 individuals
- Genetics identifies obesity as a shared risk factor for co-occurring multiple long-term conditions
- Genetic and lifestyle modifiers of haemochromatosis-related clinical outcomes in HFE C282Y homozygotes
- Gestational diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study
- Population-scale inheritance analysis of 858,635 individuals reveals North Sea migration from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution
- Accounting for motion in resting-state fMRI: What part of the spectrum are we characterizing in autism spectrum disorder?
- Preventing premature deaths through polygenic risk scores
- Liver iron levels are associated with <i>HFE</i> -hemochromatosis genotype, diet, adiposity, and disease in the UK Biobank
- Healthy plant‐based dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of rosacea
- Sex-specific body fat distribution predicts cardiovascular ageing
- Representativeness Is Not Representative
- Extreme heat impacts on daily life and adaptive behaviours captured through lived experience
- Estimating the health impact of nicotine exposure by dissecting the effects of nicotine versus non-nicotine constituents of tobacco smoke: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation study
- Epidemiology of Cholesteatoma in the <scp>UK</scp> Biobank
- Disentangling the effects of nicotine versus non‐nicotine constituents of tobacco smoke on major depressive disorder: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation study
- The baseline examinations of the German National Cohort (NAKO): recruitment protocol, response, and weighting
- Phenome-wide association study of male and female sex chromosome trisomies in 1.5 million participants of MVP, FinnGen, and UK Biobank
- Prevalence of reduced eGFR in European adults using KDIGO and age-adapted eGFR thresholds
- Genetic and lifestyle modifiers of haemochromatosis-related clinical outcomes in HFE C282Y homozygotes: prospective cohort study in UK Biobank
- Large-scale genome-wide analyses with proteomics integration reveal novel loci and biological insights into frailty
- Reevaluating the role of education on cognitive decline and brain aging in longitudinal cohorts across 33 Western countries
- Mendelian randomization
- Associations of Physical Activity With Breast Cancer Risk: Findings From the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort Study
- Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Incident Sepsis Hospitalizations: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the UK Biobank
- A hypothetical intervention on the use of hearing aids for the risk of dementia in people with hearing loss in UK Biobank
- An Advanced Two-Stage Model with High Sensitivity and Generalizability for Prediction of Hip Fracture Risk Using Multiple Datasets
- Methodological approaches, challenges, and opportunities in the application of Mendelian randomisation to lifecourse epidemiology: A systematic literature review
- Analysis of Sex-Specific Gene-by-Cohort and Genetic Correlation-by-Cohort Interaction in Educational and Reproductive Outcomes Using the UK Biobank Data
- Association of body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio with brain structure
- Reproducible symptom subtypes of depression identified using unsupervised machine learning
- The epidemiology of sex chromosome abnormalities
- Nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of depression in adults: A prospective analysis with data from the UK Biobank cohort
- Structural brain imaging correlates of general intelligence in UK Biobank
- Sleep regularity and major adverse cardiovascular events: a device-based prospective study in 72 269 UK adults
- Distinct impact modes of polygenic disposition to dyslexia in the adult brain
- Genetic basis of early onset and progression of type 2 diabetes in South Asians
- Biobanking with genetics shapes precision medicine and global health
- A genome‐wide association study of the frailty index highlights brain pathways in ageing
- High coffee consumption, brain volume and risk of dementia and stroke
- Evaluating genotype–treatment interactions for high-risk medications in British general practice: a retrospective cohort study using UK Biobank
- Learning the natural history of human disease with generative transformers
- Adiposity distribution and risks of 12 obesity-related cancers: a Mendelian randomization analysis
- Minimum combined sleep, physical activity, and nutrition variations associated with lifeSPAN and healthSPAN improvements: a population cohort study
- Participation bias in the estimation of heritability and genetic correlation
- The battle of the sexes in humans is highly polygenic
- Plant-based dietary patterns and age-specific risk of multimorbidity of cancer and cardiometabolic diseases: a prospective analysis
- The association of retinal age gap with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional analysis
- Meat consumption and risk of 25 common conditions: outcome-wide analyses in 475,000 men and women in the UK Biobank study
- Long-term obesity impacts brain morphology, functional connectivity and cognition in adults
- Characterization of gene–environment interactions for vitamin D through variance quantitative trait loci: a UK Biobank-based genetic epidemiology study
- Integrating the environmental and genetic architectures of aging and mortality
- Long-term cardiovascular risks and the impact of statin treatment on socioeconomic inequalities: a microsimulation model
- Dose–Response Associations of Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity Micropatterns and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
- Evaluating the heterogeneous treatment effects of major depression polygenic risk scores on self-harm using causal forest
- FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population
- Reallocation of time between device-measured movement behaviours and risk of incident cardiovascular disease
- Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk
- The presymptomatic and early manifestations of semantic dementia
- Cohort Profile: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
- Genome-wide association studies
- Reweighting UK Biobank corrects for pervasive selection bias due to volunteering
- Comprehensive whole-genome analyses of the UK Biobank reveal significant sex differences in both genotype missingness and allele frequency on the X chromosome
- Index of multiple deprivation contributed to common psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and comprehensive analysis
- Unsupervised shape and motion analysis of 3822 cardiac 4D MRIs of UK Biobank
- Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank
- Disentangling the relationship between glucose, insulin and brain health: A <scp>UK</scp> Biobank study
- Substitutions of Saturated Fatty Acids From Different Meats With Dairy and Incident Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases: The UK Biobank Prospective Study
- Associations of grip strength with cardiovascular, respiratory, and cancer outcomes and all cause mortality: prospective cohort study of half a million UK Biobank participants. [europepmc]
- Genome-wide polygenic scores for common diseases identify individuals with risk equivalent to monogenic mutations. [europepmc]
- Automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance image analysis with fully convolutional networks. [europepmc]
- Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders. [europepmc]
- Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. [europepmc]
- Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities. [europepmc]
- Cohort Profile: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). [europepmc]
- Association of Premature Natural and Surgical Menopause With Incident Cardiovascular Disease. [europepmc]
- Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure. [europepmc]
- Variable prediction accuracy of polygenic scores within an ancestry group. [europepmc]
- Mental health in UK Biobank - development, implementation and results from an online questionnaire completed by 157 366 participants: a reanalysis. [europepmc]
- Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis. [europepmc]
- Genome-wide association study identifies 143 loci associated with 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration. [europepmc]
- Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank. [europepmc]
- The UK Biobank imaging enhancement of 100,000 participants: rationale, data collection, management and future directions. [europepmc]
- Avoiding dynastic, assortative mating, and population stratification biases in Mendelian randomization through within-family analyses. [europepmc]
- Preexisting Comorbidities Predicting COVID-19 and Mortality in the UK Biobank Community Cohort. [europepmc]
- Polygenic background modifies penetrance of monogenic variants for tier 1 genomic conditions. [europepmc]
- A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder. [europepmc]
- SCORE2 risk prediction algorithms: new models to estimate 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in Europe. [europepmc]
- The sequences of 150,119 genomes in the UK Biobank. [europepmc]
- FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. [europepmc]
- Participation bias in the UK Biobank distorts genetic associations and downstream analyses. [europepmc]
- Mendelian randomization. [europepmc]
- Plasma proteomic associations with genetics and health in the UK Biobank. [europepmc]
Related