2025/04/01 by P. Muggli, Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P. +4
Physics and Astronomy · Engineering · #Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics #Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers #Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.00577
The Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, is a well-established international collaboration and aims to develop the proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration of electron bunches to energies and qualities suitable for first particle physics applications, such as strong-field QED and fixed target experiments (∼50-200GeV). Numerical simulations show that these energies can be reached with an average accelerating gradient of ∼1GeV/m in a single proton-driven plasma wakefield stage. This is enabled by the high energy per particle and per bunch of the CERN SPS 19kJ, 400GeV and LHC (∼120kJ, 7TeV) proton bunches. Bunches produced by synchrotrons are long, and AWAKE takes advantage of the self-modulation process to drive wakefields with GV/m amplitude. By the end of 2025, all physics concepts related to self-modulation will have been experimentally established as part of the AWAKE ongoing program that started in 2016. Key achievements include: direct observation of self-modulation, stabilization and control by two seeding methods, acceleration of externally injected electrons from 19MeV to more than 2GeV, and sustained high wakefield amplitudes beyond self-modulation saturation using a plasma density step. In addition to a brief summary of achievements reached so far, this document outlines the AWAKE roadmap as a demonstrator facility for producing beams with quality sufficient for first applications. The plan includes: 1) Accelerating a quality-controlled electron bunch to multi-GeV energies in a 10m plasma by 2031; 2) Demonstrating scalability to even higher energies by LS4. Synergies of the R&D performed in AWAKE that are relevant for advancing plasma wakefield acceleration in general are highlighted. We argue that AWAKE and similar advanced accelerator R&D be strongly supported by the European Strategy for Particle Physics Update.