2025/02/17 by Vardaan Pahuja, Pahuja, Vardaan, Yadong Lü +13 · 26 citations
Computer Science · Mathematics · #Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) #Computer science #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC) #Human–computer interaction #Mathematics #Natural Language Processing Techniques #Physics #Scaling #Semantic Web and Ontologies #Speech and dialogue systems #Trajectory #Web application #World Wide Web
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.11357
published in arXiv (Cornell University) (Cornell University)
openalex publication_date 2025/02/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Recent success in large multimodal models (LMMs) has sparked promising applications of agents capable of autonomously completing complex web tasks. While open-source LMM agents have made significant advances in offline evaluation benchmarks, their performance still falls substantially short of human-level capabilities in more realistic online settings. A key bottleneck is the lack of diverse and large-scale trajectory-level datasets across various domains, which are expensive to collect. In this paper, we address this challenge by developing a scalable recipe to synthesize the largest and most diverse trajectory-level dataset to date, containing over 94K successful multimodal web trajectories, spanning 49K unique URLs, 720K screenshots, and 33M web elements. In particular, we leverage extensive web exploration and refinement to obtain diverse task intents. The average cost is 28 cents per successful trajectory, making it affordable to a wide range of users in the community. Leveraging this dataset, we train Explorer, a multimodal web agent, and demonstrate strong performance on both offline and online web agent benchmarks such as Mind2Web-Live, Multimodal-Mind2Web, and MiniWob++. Additionally, our experiments highlight data scaling as a key driver for improving web agent capabilities. We hope this study makes state-of-the-art LMM-based agent research at a larger scale more accessible.