2025/06/02 by Amr Gomaa, Simon Engel, Gomaa, Amr +21
Engineering · Psychology · #Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Human-Automation Interaction and Safety #Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC) #Transportation and Mobility Innovations
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.01836
openalex publication_date 2025/06/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
With the automotive industry transitioning towards conditionally automated driving, takeover warning systems are crucial for ensuring safe collaborative driving between users and semi-automated vehicles. However, previous work has focused on static warning systems that do not accommodate different driver states. Therefore, we propose an adaptive takeover warning system that is personalised to drivers, enhancing their experience and safety. We conducted two user studies investigating semi-autonomous driving scenarios in rural and urban environments while participants performed non-driving-related tasks such as text entry and visual search. We investigated the effects of varying time budgets and head-up versus head-down displays for takeover requests on drivers' situational awareness and mental state. Through our statistical and clustering analyses, we propose strategies for designing adaptable takeover systems, e.g., using longer time budgets and head-up displays for non-hazardous takeover events in high-complexity environments while using shorter time budgets and head-down displays for hazardous events in low-complexity environments.