2024/12/31 by Mezghani, F., Amdoun, R., Ben Ahmed, S. +5
#Asthma #Asthme #atopie #atopy #dysbiose #dysbiosis #infant #microbiota #microbiote #nourrisson #pediatrics #pédiatrie
paper · doi:10.71566/pist-rmp-194665
Introduction : Asthma in infants has drastically increased over the past five decades. Aim : The purposes of our study were to identify the factors associated with asthma occurrence in infants and especially the involvement of dysbiosis. Methods : A case control study carried out in the pediatric Department A of the Children's Hospital of Tunis over two years comparing the factors associated with the occurrence of asthma in infants between two groups of asthmatic and non-asthmatic infants. Results : Ninety three cases of asthma in infants and 93 matched controls have been compared. The sex ratio was 2. 2 and atopy was reported in 51. 6% of cases in asthmatic group. In univariate analysis, the occur- rence of asthma was significantly associated with many factors. The endogenous factors included family atopy (OR=2. 24, CI95% [1. 23-4. 09]) and male gender (OR=2. 8, CI95% [1,93-5,1]). Involved exogenous fac- tors were maternal exposure to tobacco (OR=2. 6, CI95% [1. 43-2. 81]), neonatal respiratory distress (OR= 2. 5, CI95%[1. 02-6. 2]), poor conditions (OR=2. 4, CI95% [1. 32-4,4]), surrounding humidity (OR=1. 94, CI95% [1. 06-3. 53]) and promiscuity (OR=3. 51, CI95% [1. 84-6. 69]). The microbiota dysregulation included maternal exposure to antibiotics (OR= 3. 76, CI95% [1. 13-12. 72]), neonatal exposure to antibiotics (OR=7. 04, CI95% [2. 55-7. 9]), early introduction of cow's milk (OR=1. 9, CI95% [1. 05-3. 5]) and early bronchiolitis (OR=6. 1, CI95% [3. 12-11. 98]). The protecting factors were the maternal vitamin D supplementation (OR=0. 3, CI95% [0. 12- 0. 74]) and the extended duration of breastfeeding (OR=0. 53,CI95% [0. 28-0. 98]). Conclusion : Apart from endogenous factors associated with the onset of asthma in infants, the dysbiosis and the exposure to environmental pollutants are undoubtedly involved in the occurrence of bronchial hy- perreactivity.