Equivalence between definitions of the gravitational deflection angle of light for a stationary spacetime

2023/10/02 by Kaisei Takahashi, Ryuya Kudo, Takahashi, Kaisei +5 · 2 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research #Relativity and Gravitational Theory

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.00884

openalex publication_date 2023/10/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

The Gibbons-Werner-Ono-Ishihara-Asada method for gravitational lensing in a stationary spacetime has been recently reexamined [Huang and Cao, arXiv:2306.04145], in which the gravitational deflection angle of light based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem can be rewritten as a line integral of two functions H and T. The present paper proves that the Huang-Cao line integral definition and the Ono-Ishihara-Asada one [Phys. Rev. D 96, 104037 (2017)] are equivalent to each other, whatever asymptotic regions are. A remark is also made concerning the direction of a light ray in a practical use of these definitions.

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