2020/11/02 by Christophe Bastien, Clive Neal Sturgess, Bastien, Christophe +5
Engineering · Medicine · #Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics #Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation #FOS: Biological sciences #Injury Epidemiology and Prevention #Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO) #Traffic and Road Safety
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2011.00829
openalex publication_date 2020/11/02 · openalex created_date 2022/07/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In the real world, the severity of traumatic injuries are measured using the\nAbbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). However the AIS scale cannot currently be\ncomputed by using finite element human computer models, which calculate a\nmaximum principal strains (MPS). Further, MPS only establishes a threshold\nabove which a serious or fatal injury occurs. In order to overcome these\nlimitations, a unique Organ Trauma Model (OTM) able to calculate the threat to\nlife of any organ injury is proposed. The focus, in this case is on real world\npedestrian brain injuries. The OTM uses a power method, named Peak Virtual\nPower (PVP), and defines brain white and grey matters trauma responses as a\nfunction of impact location and impact speed extracted from the pedestrian\ncollision kinematics. This research has included ageing in the injury severity\ncomputation by including soft tissue material degradation, as well as brain\nvolume changes. Further, to account for the limitations of the Lagrangian\nformulation of the brain model in representing haemorrhage, an approach to\ninclude the effects of subdural hematoma is proposed and included as part of\nthe OTM predictions in this study. The OTM model was tested against three\nreal-life pedestrian accidents and has proven to reasonably predict the Post\nMortem (PM) outcome. Its AIS predictions are closer to the real world injury\nseverity than standard MPS methods currently recommended. This study suggests\nthat the OTM has the potential to improve forensic predictions as well as\ncontribute to the improvement in vehicle safety design through the ability to\nmeasure injury severity. This study concludes that future advances in trauma\ncomputing would require the development of a brain model which could predict\nhaemorrhaging.\n