2018/10/29 by Roume, Hugo, Blottière, Hervé
#0 #Ageing #Alimentation #Diet #Environnement postnatal #Facteurs maternels #Immune system #Maternal factors #Postnatal factors #Système immunitaire #Vieillissement
paper · doi:10.15454/1.5408043406638562e12
To an estimated 30 trillion cells in our body, about a half is human. The other 50 % are bacterial or fungal cells. 96% of the unique genes in our body are bacterial. They are different among our body sites, they are also different from person to person and they contribute to our own identity. Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed to a wide variety of factor shaping his microbiota such as maternal factors, prenatal environment and delivery mode. Following this, postnatal factors, such as antibiotic treatments, host genetics, diet or environmental exposure and weaning further modulate the development of the infant's gut microbiome and immune system. After three years of life, the infant microbiota may continue to change but at a slower rate than in toddler time. Throughout our entire life, our microbiota is subject to changes at different points, with the biggest shifts occurring during adolescence, pregnancy, old age and after major diet changes or BMI but its capacity for resilience allows it to stabilize through time. Elderlies show some specificity as compared to younger subjects, and it seems to be correlated with diet, health and long-term residential care stay.