Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action
1979/12/01 by Todd D. Jick · 6,991 citations
Decision Sciences · Mathematics · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Action (physics) #Action research #Cognitive and psychological constructs research #Economics #Epistemology #Evaluation and Performance Assessment #Geometry #Management science #Mathematics #Mixing (physics) #Philosophy #Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research #Qualitative research #Social science #Sociology #Strengths and weaknesses #Triangulation
paper · doi:10.2307/2392366
published in Administrative Science Quarterly 24(4), 602 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 1979/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Abstract
December 1979, volume 24 There is a distinct tradition in the literature on social science research methods that advocates the use of multiple methods. This form of research strategy is usually described as one of convergent methodology, multimethod/multitrait (Campbell and Fiske, 1959), convergent validation or, what has been called triangulation (Webb et al., 1 966). These various notions share the conception that qualitative and quantitative methods should be viewed as complementary rather than as rival camps. In fact, most textbooks underscore the desirability of mixing methods given the strengths and weaknesses found in single method designs.
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