2013/08/06 by Harry Schiff, H. I. Schiff, Schiff, Harry
Physics and Astronomy · #Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research #Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates #FOS: Physical sciences #General Physics (physics.gen-ph) #Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics #physics.gen-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1308.1341
arxiv created 2013/08/06 · openalex publication_date 2013/08/06 · arxiv updated 2015/10/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
With appropriate gauge transformations, field can replace electric charge in quarks. Classical quarks, in a necessary non-gauge invariant formulation, are used for illustration, bringing to the fore the limitations of the usual electric charge densities for single particles in Coulomb equations. The results are encouraging; the solutions for the Coulomb potentials apply individually to each quark in a shell structure. A remarkably simple relation emerges between the Coulomb and weak potentials.