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Bound systems in an expanding universe

2000/03/10 by George A. Baker, George A. Baker, Jr, Baker,, George A.
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics (astro-ph) #Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis #FOS: Physical sciences #astro-ph

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0003152

More explanation has been added and an error has been corrected, i.e. the extrinsic curvature is continuous, however some of the trajectories are discontinuous functions of the initial conditions

openalex publication_date 2000/03/10 · arxiv created 2000/06/12 · arxiv updated 2012/08/27 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

The Schwarzchild solution insertion in an expanding universe, the so-called "Swiss cheese model," is shown to possess a very unphysical property. Specifically, in this model some trajectories are discontinuous functions of their initial conditions. An alternate metric is proposed as a remedy. It goes smoothly between the Schwarzchild exterior solution and the Friedmann-Lemaitre, expanding universe metric. It is further shown that the effects of the expansion on planetary motions in the solar system are too small to be currently observed for this alternate metric.

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