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Is the speed of light invariant or covariant?

2010/03/11 by Daniele Sasso, Sasso, Daniele
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques #Astronomical Observations and Instrumentation #FOS: Physical sciences #General Physics (physics.gen-ph) #Geophysics and Sensor Technology #physics.gen-ph

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1003.2273

8 pages, 4 figures

arxiv created 2010/03/11 · openalex publication_date 2010/03/11 · arxiv updated 2010/03/12 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

According to the theory of ether light propagates with constant speed c with respect to the absolute reference frame and with respect to any other reference frame the speed of light is covariant. According to the theory of special relativity the speed of light is invariant with respect to any reference frame. The new theory of reference frames gives a different answer to this question with the consideration of two speeds of light: the physical speed and the relativistic speed. After considering a few negative aspects of the two main theories a few fundamentals of the new theory are expounded.

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