2024/10/25 by Subhabrata Paul, Kamal Santra, Paul, Subhabrata +1
Computer Science · Mathematics · #Advanced Graph Theory Research #Graph Labeling and Dimension Problems #Graph theory and applications #math.CO
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.19567
openalex publication_date 2024/10/25 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Let \(G\) be a graph. For two disjoint vertex sets \(A,B⊆ V(G)\), we say that \(A\) dominates \(B\) if every vertex of \(B\) has a neighbour in \(A\). An upper domatic partition of \(G\) is a partition \(π=\V1,V2,…,Vk\\) of \(V(G)\) such that, for every two distinct parts \(Vi\) and \(Vj\), either \(Vi\) dominates \(Vj\), or \(Vj\) dominates \(Vi\), or both. The maximum order of such a partition is the upper domatic number of \(G\), denoted by \(D(G)\). In this paper, we study the computational complexity of the upper domatic number from both hardness and algorithmic perspectives. Motivated by the complexity questions raised in Phillips's thesis, we first prove that deciding whether \(D(G)≥ k\) is NP-complete when \(k\) is part of the input. Our reduction is from Clique, and it also shows NP-completeness for connected graphs of diameter two. On the positive side, we give exact algorithms for several graph classes. We prove that, for cographs, \(D(G)=\Tr(G)\), and we provide an \(O(n3)\)-time cotree dynamic program. For unicyclic graphs, we use the known equality \(D(G)=\Tr(G)\). By deleting an edge of the unique cycle, we reduce the computation of \(\Tr(G)\) to the transitivity of a tree and one additional decision problem testing whether adding back the deleted edge increases the transitivity by one. This yields an \(O(n3)\)-time algorithm for computing the transitivity, and hence the upper domatic number, of unicyclic graphs. We further prove that \(D(G)=\Tr(G)\) for complements of bipartite graphs, which yields a linear-time algorithm for complements of bipartite chain graphs. Finally, we show that \(D(G)=\Tr(G)\) for split graphs and obtain a linear-time algorithm for this class.