2025/12/20 by Xavier Rafael-Palou, Rafael-Palou, Xavier, José Luis Munuera +9
Computer Science · Medicine · #AI in cancer detection #Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) #C.4 #Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) #Data Stream Mining Techniques #Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging #FOS: Computer and information sciences #H.4.2 #I.2.1 #Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.18450
openalex publication_date 2025/12/20 · openalex created_date 2025/12/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Modern clinical decision support systems can concurrently serve multiple, independent medical imaging institutions, but their predictive performance may degrade across sites due to variations in patient populations, imaging hardware, and acquisition protocols. Continuous surveillance of predictive model outputs offers a safe and reliable approach for identifying such distributional shifts without ground truth labels. However, most existing methods rely on centralized monitoring of aggregated predictions, overlooking site-specific drift dynamics. We propose an agent-based framework for detecting drift and assessing its severity in multisite clinical AI systems. To evaluate its effectiveness, we simulate a multi-center environment for output-based drift detection, assigning each site a drift monitoring agent that performs batch-wise comparisons of model outputs against a reference distribution. We analyse several multi-center monitoring schemes, that differ in how the reference is obtained (site-specific, global, production-only and adaptive), alongside a centralized baseline. Results on real-world breast cancer imaging data using a pathological complete response prediction model shows that all multi-center schemes outperform centralized monitoring, with F1-score improvements up to 10.3% in drift detection. In the absence of site-specific references, the adaptive scheme performs best, with F1-scores of 74.3% for drift detection and 83.7% for drift severity classification. These findings suggest that adaptive, site-aware agent-based drift monitoring can enhance reliability of multisite clinical decision support systems.