Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons
2017/07/19 by Boyin Huang, Peter W. Thorne, Peter Thorne +11 · 1 voice · 104 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Environmental Science · #Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics #Climate variability and models #Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
paper · pdf · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0836.1
Abstract
Abstract The monthly global 2° × 2° Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) has been revised and updated from version 4 to version 5. This update incorporates a new release of ICOADS release 3.0 (R3.0), a decade of near-surface data from Argo floats, and a new estimate of centennial sea ice from HadISST2. A number of choices in aspects of quality control, bias adjustment, and interpolation have been substantively revised. The resulting ERSST estimates have more realistic spatiotemporal variations, better representation of high-latitude SSTs, and ship SST biases are now calculated relative to more accurate buoy measurements, while the global long-term trend remains about the same. Progressive experiments have been undertaken to highlight the effects of each change in data source and analysis technique upon the final product. The reconstructed SST is systematically decreased by 0.077°C, as the reference data source is switched from ship SST in ERSSTv4 to modern buoy SST in ERSSTv5. Furthermore, high-latitude SSTs are decreased by 0.1°–0.2°C by using sea ice concentration from HadISST2 over HadISST1. Changes arising from remaining innovations are mostly important at small space and time scales, primarily having an impact where and when input observations are sparse. Cross validations and verifications with independent modern observations show that the updates incorporated in ERSSTv5 have improved the representation of spatial variability over the global oceans, the magnitude of El Niño and La Niña events, and the decadal nature of SST changes over 1930s–40s when observation instruments changed rapidly. Both long- (1900–2015) and short-term (2000–15) SST trends in ERSSTv5 remain significant as in ERSSTv4.
Cited by
- Ocean Heat Content Sets Another Record in 2025
- NOAAGlobalTemp Version 6: An AI-Based Global Surface Temperature Dataset
- Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 6 (ERSSTv6). Part I: An Artificial Neural Network Approach
- Recent global temperature surge intensified by record-low planetary albedo
- Human emissions drive recent trends in North Pacific climate variations
- Evaluating Climate Models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO Metrics Package
- New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023
- Ecological stability through nonlinear fluctuations and the portfolio effect
- Early-twentieth-century cold bias in ocean surface temperature observations
- The past to unravel the future: Deoxygenation events in the geological archive and the anthropocene oxygen crisis
- What if the upwelling weakens? Effects of rising temperature and nutrient depletion on coastal assemblages
- A rapid response process for evaluating causes of extreme temperature events in the United States: The 2023 Texas/Louisiana heat wave as a prototype
- Diagnostic Study of Seasonal Prediction of Malaria: A Case Study in Senegal, West Africa
- A NASA GISTEMPv4 Observational Uncertainty Ensemble
- Record High Temperatures in the Ocean in 2024
- What made 2023 and 2024 the hottest years in a row?
- The ERA5 global reanalysis from 1940 to 2022
- librla: Randomized Linear Algebra Library
- Revised historical record sharpens perspective on global warming
- How Significant Was the 1877/78 El Niño?
- Evolving synchronization of the Gulf Stream and Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension in a changing climate
- Causal pathway from AMOC to Southern Amazon rainforest indicates stabilising interaction between two climate tipping elements
- Emerging trend in the east-west Dipole Pattern in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and the associated impact on Regional Dynamics
- Bowhead whale faeces link increasing algal toxins in the Arctic to ocean warming
- Explaining the disagreement over a rising CO2 airborne fraction
- WaveSim: A Wavelet-based Multi-scale Similarity Metric for Weather and Climate Fields
- Anomalous Meltwater From Ice Sheets and Ice Shelves Is a Historical Forcing
- Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation Response to ENSO in Deep Learning Pacific Pacemaker Experiments
- On the Estimation of Climate Normals and Anomalies
- Modulation of U.S. Tornado Activity by Year-Round North American Weather Regimes
- ENSO-driven abrupt phase shift in North Atlantic oscillation in early January
- Shifting hotspot of tropical cyclone clusters in a warming climate
- Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century
- The Berkeley Earth Land/Ocean Temperature Record
- Atypical warming pattern of strong 2023-24 El Niño boosts global temperatures to new 1.5 °C record
- Asymmetric leading vs. trailing edge shifts since the Last Glacial Maximum underpin the modern bimodal latitudinal diversity gradient in planktonic foraminifera
- A Relative Sea Surface Temperature Index for Classifying ENSO Events in a Changing Climate
- Climate field reconstructions for the North Atlantic region of annual and seasonal resolution spanning CE 1241–1970
- Hierarchical Testing of a Hybrid Machine Learning‐Physics Global Atmosphere Model
- Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1
- Interannual Variability of the Wintertime Asian–Bering–North American Teleconnection Linked to Eurasian Snow Cover and Maritime Continent Sea Surface Temperature
- Why Was the Official Australian Monsoon Onset Unusually Late in 2024/25?
- Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation reconstructed from trans-Pacific tree rings: 1350–2004 CE
- A Dynamically Consistent ENsemble of Temperature at the Earth surface since 1850 from the DCENT dataset
- Modes of Variability in E3SM and CESM Large Ensembles
- Microscale alkenone heterogeneity and replicability of ultra-high-resolution temperature records from marine sediments
- Km-scale coupled simulation and model–observation SST trend discrepancy
- High predictability potential of highly synchronized widespread floods in monsoon regions
- Patterns and drivers of diatom diversity and abundance in the global ocean
- Observation-based early-warning signals for a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
- Fine-tuning Atmospheric Parameters for Improving ENSO Simulation in the Zebiak–Cane Model
- Re‐Evaluating Historical Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets: Insights From the Diurnal Cycle, Coral Proxy Data, and Radiative Forcing
- Removing ENSO’s Influence from Global SST Variability, with Insights into the Record-Setting Marine Heat Waves of 2023–24
- A novel index for depicting ENSO transition with application in ENSO-East Asian summer monsoon relationship
- Defining El Niño indices in a warming climate
- 2023 summer warmth unparalleled over the past 2,000 years
- Borneo Stalagmite Evidence of Significantly Reduced El Niño‐Southern Oscillation Variability at 4.1 kyBP
- Super El Niño events drive climate regime shifts with enhanced risks under global warming
- Multidecadal SST Variability Assessed as Primarily Forced in the Atlantic and Internal in the Pacific Using Rotated Low‐Frequency Component Analysis
- A global overview of marine heatwaves in a changing climate
- A Limited Role for Unforced Internal Variability in Twentieth-Century Warming
- Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Sea Surface Temperature Threshold for Tropical Convection
- Uncertainties too large to predict tipping times of major Earth system components from historical data
- An Ensemble Data Set of Sea Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 Data Set
- Climate change impacts on ocean light in Arctic ecosystems
- Climate impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in Africa
- Increased Drought Synchronicity in Indian Rivers Under Anthropogenic Warming
- IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
- A Multiscale Evaluation of the Wet 2022 in Eastern Australia
- A traceable global warming record and clarity for the 1.5 °C and well-below-2 °C goals
- IAPv4 ocean temperature and ocean heat content gridded dataset
- The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2)
- The Role of Anthropogenic Aerosol Forcing in the 1850–1985 Strengthening of the AMOC in CMIP6 Historical Simulations
- Multi-year La Niña–El Niño transition influenced Earth’s extreme energy uptake in 2022–2023
- Why Is the Mediterranean a Climate Change Hot Spot?
- Gridded oceanographic data-based tridacnine oxygen isotope thermometers: advantages and problems
- A Simple Intermediate Coupled MJO-ENSO Model: Multiscale Interactions and ENSO Complexity
- Improving predictions of snow resources using midlatitude SSTs with convergent cross mapping
- Efficient inference and learning of a generative model for ENSO predictions from large multi-model datasets
- Southward shift of precipitation extremes over south Asia: Evidences from CORDEX data. [europepmc]
- Indian Ocean Dipole in CMIP5 and CMIP6: characteristics, biases, and links to ENSO. [europepmc]
- Treating coral bleaching as weather: a framework to validate and optimize prediction skill. [europepmc]
- GISS-E2.1: Configurations and Climatology. [europepmc]
- Autumn movements of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from Svalbard, Norway, revealed by satellite tracking. [europepmc]
- The past century of coral bleaching in the Saudi Arabian central Red Sea. [europepmc]
- Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). [europepmc]
- Mean sea surface temperature changes influence ENSO-related precipitation changes in the mid-latitudes. [europepmc]
- The Record-breaking Mei-yu in 2020 and Associated Atmospheric Circulation and Tropical SST Anomalies. [europepmc]
- Variability of ENSO Forecast Skill in 2-Year Global Reforecasts Over the 20th Century. [europepmc]
- Advances Towards Automatic Detection and Classification of Parasites Microscopic Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network: Methods, Models and Research Directions. [europepmc]
- Explainable deep learning for insights in El Niño and river flows. [europepmc]
- Greenhouse warming and internal variability increase extreme and central Pacific El Niño frequency since 1980. [europepmc]
- Likely accelerated weakening of Atlantic overturning circulation emerges in optimal salinity fingerprint. [europepmc]
- Increasingly negative tropical water-interannual CO 2 growth rate coupling. [europepmc]
- Uncertainties in critical slowing down indicators of observation-based fingerprints of the Atlantic Overturning Circulation. [europepmc]
- Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications. [europepmc]
- Highest ocean heat in four centuries places Great Barrier Reef in danger. [europepmc]
- A moderator of tropical impacts on climate in Canadian Arctic Archipelago during boreal summer. [europepmc]
- Accounting for Pacific climate variability increases projected global warming. [europepmc]
- A real-time Global Warming Index. [europepmc]
- Longer and more frequent marine heatwaves over the past century. [europepmc]
- The Microbiome of the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Range-Shifting Marine Herbivorous Fish. [europepmc]
- Understanding the variability of Australian fire weather between 1973 and 2017. [europepmc]
- Climate change over the Mediterranean and current destruction of marine ecosystem. [europepmc]
Discussions
Related