2024/10/01 by Shao-Wen Wei, Yu-Xiao Liu, Robert B. Mann · 60 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Black hole (networking) #Black hole thermodynamics #Computer science #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Entropy (arrow of time) #Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories #Physics #Theoretical physics #Thermodynamics
paper · open access · doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.l081501
published in Physical review. D/Physical review. D. 110(8) (American Physical Society)
openalex publication_date 2024/10/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
In this Letter, we investigate the universal classifications of black hole states by considering them as topological defects within the thermodynamic parameter space. Through the asymptotic behaviors of the constructed vector, our results indicate the existence of four distinct topological classifications, denoted as W^1\ensuremath-, W0+, W^0\ensuremath-, and W1+. Within these classifications, the innermost small black hole states are characterized as unstable, stable, unstable, and stable, respectively, while the outermost large ones exhibit an unstable, unstable, stable, and stable behavior. These classifications also display contrasting thermodynamic properties in both low and high Hawking temperature limits. Furthermore, we establish a systematic ordering of the local thermodynamically stable and unstable black hole states as the horizon radius increases for a specific topological classification. These results reveal the universal topological classifications governing black hole thermodynamics, providing valuable insights into the fundamental nature of quantum gravity.