2024/01/21 by Hao-Ning He, Bing Zhang, He, Hao-Ning +3 · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #FOS: Physical sciences #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) #Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.11566
openalex publication_date 2024/01/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as one of promising sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), but observational evidence is still lacking. The nearby B.O.A.T. (brightest of all time) GRB 221009A, an once-in-1000-year event, is able to accelerate protons to ∼ 103 EeV. Protons arriving at the Milky Way are dominated by neutron-decay-induced protons. The inter-galactic magnetic fields would not yield a sizable delay of the ≥ 10\rm~EeV cosmic rays if its strength is \lesssim 10-13\rm~G, while Galactic magnetic fields would cause a significant time delay. We predict that, an UHECR burst from GRB 221009A would be detectable by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the TA×4, within ∼ 10 years. The detection of such an UHECR outburst will provide the direct evidence for UHECR acceleration in GRBs.