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Anticancer immunotherapy by CTLA-4 blockade relies on the gut microbiota

2015/11/05 by Marie Vétizou, Jonathan M. Pitt, Romain Daillère +45 · 53 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · Neuroscience · #Gut microbiota and health #Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research #Tryptophan and brain disorders

paper · doi:10.1126/science.aad1329

Abstract

Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been successfully used as cancer immunotherapy. We find that the antitumor effects of CTLA-4 blockade depend on distinct Bacteroides species. In mice and patients, T cell responses specific for B. thetaiotaomicron or B. fragilis were associated with the efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade. Tumors in antibiotic-treated or germ-free mice did not respond to CTLA blockade. This defect was overcome by gavage with B. fragilis, by immunization with B. fragilis polysaccharides, or by adoptive transfer of B. fragilis-specific T cells. Fecal microbial transplantation from humans to mice confirmed that treatment of melanoma patients with antibodies against CTLA-4 favored the outgrowth of B. fragilis with anticancer properties. This study reveals a key role for Bacteroidales in the immunostimulatory effects of CTLA-4 blockade.

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