2024/09/04 by William Woodley, Anatoli Fedynitch, Marie-Cécile Piro +1 · 9 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Cosmic ray #Environmental science #Muon #Neutrino Physics Research #Nuclear physics #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #Physics
paper · doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.063006
published in Physical review. D/Physical review. D. 110(6) (American Physical Society)
openalex publication_date 2024/09/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/11
We provide comprehensive calculations of total muon fluxes, energy and angular spectra, and mean muon energies in deep underground laboratories—under flat overburdens and mountains and underwater—using our latest calculation code, v3. For precise modeling, we compiled rock densities and chemical compositions for various underground labs, as well as topographic map profiles of overburdens, and integrated them into our calculations. Our results show excellent agreement with available data for most underground sites when using the latest surface muon flux model, . Moreover, since our calculations do not rely on underground measurements of muons or other secondaries, we can verify the consistency of measurements across different detectors at different sites. is an open-source, publicly available program, providing a solid framework for accurate muon flux predictions in various underground environments, essential for applications in cosmic ray physics and dark matter searches. Published by the American Physical Society 2024