2024/01/02 by Ammar Ahmed Siddiqui, Siddiqui, Ammar A., Santosh Tirunagari +5
Computer Science · Medicine · #AI in cancer detection #COVID-19 diagnosis using AI #FOS: Computer and information sciences #FOS: Electrical engineering #Image and Video Processing (eess.IV) #Machine Learning (cs.LG) #Multimodal Machine Learning Applications #electronic engineering #information engineering
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2401.01414
openalex publication_date 2024/01/02 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Visual attribution in medical imaging seeks to make evident the diagnostically-relevant components of a medical image, in contrast to the more common detection of diseased tissue deployed in standard machine vision pipelines (which are less straightforwardly interpretable/explainable to clinicians). We here present a novel generative visual attribution technique, one that leverages latent diffusion models in combination with domain-specific large language models, in order to generate normal counterparts of abnormal images. The discrepancy between the two hence gives rise to a mapping indicating the diagnostically-relevant image components. To achieve this, we deploy image priors in conjunction with appropriate conditioning mechanisms in order to control the image generative process, including natural language text prompts acquired from medical science and applied radiology. We perform experiments and quantitatively evaluate our results on the COVID-19 Radiography Database containing labelled chest X-rays with differing pathologies via the Frechet Inception Distance (FID), Structural Similarity (SSIM) and Multi Scale Structural Similarity Metric (MS-SSIM) metrics obtained between real and generated images. The resulting system also exhibits a range of latent capabilities including zero-shot localized disease induction, which are evaluated with real examples from the cheXpert dataset.