2025/12/16 by Liam Doyle, Fargol Seifollahi, Chandralekha Singh · 2 voices
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · Engineering · #Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Space Technology and Applications
paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/md6x-pfrr
The rapid growth of quantum information science and technology (QIST) in the 21st century has created both excitement and uncertainty about the field’s trajectory. This qualitative study presents perspectives from leading quantum researchers, who are educators, on fundamental questions frequently posed by students, the public, and the media regarding QIST. Through in-depth interviews, we explored several issues related to QIST including the following key areas: the current state of quantum computing in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era and timelines for fault-tolerant quantum computers, including a possible timeline for quantum advantage on Shor’s factoring algorithm, the feasibility of personal quantum computers in our pockets, and promising qubit architectures for future development. Our findings reveal diverse yet convergent perspectives on these critical issues. While experts agree that the current machines with physical qubits that are being built in the NISQ era should be called quantum computers, most estimated that it will take a decade to build a small fault-tolerant quantum computer, and several decades to achieve scalable systems capable of running Shor’s factoring algorithm with quantum advantage and some stated that they would find it exciting if some law of physics prevents achieving those ultimate goals. Regarding carrying a quantum computer in the pocket, experts viewed quantum computers as specialized tools that will remain in central locations such as data centers and can be accessed remotely for applications for which they are particularly effective compared to classical computers. Quantum researchers suggested that multiple platforms show promise, including neutral atoms, superconducting circuits, semiconducting qubits, and photonic systems, with no clear winner emerging. These insights provide valuable guidance for educators, policymakers, and the broader community in establishing realistic expectations for developments in this exciting field. Our findings can provide valuable information for educators to clarify student doubts about these important yet confusing issues related to quantum technologies at a time we are celebrating the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology.