2023/10/20 by Sélim Louafi, Louafi, Sélim, A. Charrier +1
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Accords internationaux #Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development #Agrobiodiversité #Biens publics #Genetically Modified Organisms Research #International agreements #Legal status #Organic Food and Agriculture #Statut juridique agrobiodiversity
paper · doi:10.17180/c4tr-nf15
openalex publication_date 2023/10/20 · openalex created_date 2024/04/07 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/01
Agricultural use of biodiversity relies on quite a limited number of species and on the concept of genetic resources (GR). Their status depends on the type of GR, the way they are conserved (in situ or ex situ) or by whom they are managed. Access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture is regulated by two main international agreements; the Convention on Biological Diversity (Rio, 1992) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA, 2001). The CBD recognizes the sovereign rights of states over their biological resources and lays down the principle that the authority to determine concrete arrangements and mechanisms for granting access to GR and ensuring the sharing of benefits arising from their use rests with the national government concerned, and is subject to national legislation. By contrast, the ITPGRFA ensures a facilitated access to genetic resources through multilaterally agreed conditions of access and benefit sharing. This treaty only deals with a limited number of PGRFA that are under the control and management of states and international organisation such as the International Centers for Agronomic Research. Finally, discussions are currently going on under the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture to cover all GRFA in the three different kingdoms (animal, vegetal and microbial).