2024/10/01 by Abhimanu Pandey, Zheyi Li, Manjul Gautam +2 · 3 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid #Heme Oxygenase-1 and Carbon Monoxide #Inflammasome and immune disorders
paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/imr.13406
openalex publication_date 2024/10/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that assemble within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), driving the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis. The best-characterized inflammasome complexes are the NLRP3, NAIP-NLRC4, NLRP1, AIM2, and Pyrin canonical caspase-1-containing inflammasomes, and the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome. Newer inflammasome sensor proteins have been identified, including NLRP6, NLRP7, NLRP9, NLRP10, NLRP11, NLRP12, CARD8, and MxA. These inflammasome sensors can sense PAMPs from bacteria, viruses and protozoa, or DAMPs in the form of mitochondrial damage, ROS, stress and heme. The mechanisms of action, physiological relevance, consequences in human diseases, and avenues for therapeutic intervention for these novel inflammasomes are beginning to be realized. Here, we discuss these emerging inflammasome complexes and their putative activation mechanisms, molecular and signaling pathways, and physiological roles in health and disease.