2025/05/28 by Karpie, Joe, Monahan, Christopher J., Orginos, Kostas +1
#FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.22795
Global analysis of collider and fixed-target experimental data and calculations from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are used to gain complementary information on the structure of hadrons. We propose novel ``window observables'' that allow for higher precision cross-validation between the different approaches, a critical step for studies that wish to combine the datasets. Global analyses are limited by the kinematic regions accessible to experiment, particularly in a range of Bjorken-x, and lattice QCD calculations also have limitations requiring extrapolations to obtain the parton distributions. We provide two different ``window observables'' that can be defined within a region of x where extrapolations and interpolations in global analyses remain reliable and where lattice QCD results retain sensitivity and precision.