2002/03/26 by Emilia L. Lombardi, Emilia Lombardi, Riki Anne Wilchins +3 · 828 citations
Medicine · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Criminology #Environmental health #Gender Politics and Representation #Gender studies #Geography #Harassment #LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy #Law #Legislation #Lesbian #Medicine #Poison control #Political science #Prejudice (legal term) #Psychology #Quarter (Canadian coin) #Reproductive Health and Technologies #Sanctions #Social issues #Social psychology #Sociology #Suicide prevention #Transgender #Victimisation
paper · doi:10.1300/j082v42n01_05
published in Journal of Homosexuality 42(1), 89-101 (Taylor & Francis)
openalex publication_date 2002/03/26 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
There is a pervasive pattern of discrimination and prejudice against transgendered people within society. Both economic discrimination and experiencing violence could be the result of a larger social climate that severely sanctions people for not conforming to society's norms concerning gender; as such, both would be strongly associated with each other. Questionnaires were distributed to people either through events or through volunteers, and made available upon the World Wide Web. A sample of 402 cases was collected over the span of 12 months (April 1996-April 1997). We found that over half the people within this sample experienced some form of harassment or violence within their lifetime, with a quarter experiencing a violent incident. Further investigation found that experiencing economic discrimination because one is transgendered had the strongest association with experiencing a transgender related violent incident. Economic discrimination was related to transgendered people's experience with violence. Therefore, both hate crimes legislation and employment protections are needed for transgendered individuals.