2016/11/17 by Alexandra Minna Stern, Nicole L. Novak, Natalie Lira +5 · 1 citation
Arts and Humanities · Medicine · Psychology · #Accountability #Business #Demography #Environmental health #Eugenics #Family planning #Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices #Historical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes #Law #Medical History and Research #Medicine #Obligation #Political science #Population #Redress #Research methodology #Sociology #Sterilization (economics)
paper · doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303489
openalex publication_date 2016/11/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
From 1919 to 1952, approximately 20 000 individuals were sterilized in California's state institutions on the basis of eugenic laws that sought to control the reproductive capacity of people labeled unfit and defective. Using data from more than 19 000 sterilization recommendations processed by state institutions over this 33-year period, we provide the most accurate estimate of living sterilization survivors. As of 2016, we estimate that as many as 831 individuals, with an average age of 87.9 years, are alive. We suggest that California emulate North Carolina and Virginia, states that maintained similar sterilization programs and recently have approved monetary compensation for victims. We discuss the societal obligation for redress of this historical injustice and recommend that California seriously consider reparations and full accountability.