2025/03/18 by Quinn M. Albaugh, Allison Harell, Peter John Loewen +2 · 2 voices
Social Sciences · Psychology · #Electoral Systems and Political Participation #Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research #LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
paper · pdf · doi:10.1017/s1049096525000137
ABSTRACT Survey researchers increasingly recognize the need to update their gender questions to recognize the existence of transgender and nonbinary people. In this research note, we evaluate changes to the Canadian Election Study (CES) gender questions from 2019 to 2021. Our analyses suggest researchers should add “nonbinary” as a close-ended option and an open-ended response option to gender identity questions. They also suggest that researchers should not include “transgender” in a separate, mutually exclusive response option alongside men and women in gender identity questions but instead identify transgender men and women through a follow-up question. These recommendations can help guide the design of future surveys.