1983/01/01 by Silvia Maioli, Karin Leander, Per Nilsson +2 · 4 citations
Arts and Humanities · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · Neuroscience · #Comparative Literary Analysis and Criticism #Computer science #Estrogen #Estrogen and related hormone effects #Estrogen receptor #Estrogen receptor alpha #Estrogen receptor beta #History of Education in Spain #Hormone #Menopause #Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments #Neuroprotection #Nuclear Receptors and Signaling #Receptor #Sex hormone receptor #Spanish Literature and Culture Studies
paper · pdf · doi:10.1042/ebc20200162
published in Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea de México 65(9), 345-348 (National Autonomous University of Mexico)
openalex publication_date 1983/01/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
The female sex hormone estrogen has been ascribed potent neuroprotective properties. It signals by binding and activating estrogen receptors that, depending on receptor subtype and upstream or downstream effectors, can mediate gene transcription and rapid non-genomic actions. In this way, estrogen receptors in the brain participate in modulating neural differentiation, proliferation, neuroinflammation, cholesterol metabolism, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Circulating sex hormones decrease in the course of aging, more rapidly at menopause in women, and slower in men. This review will discuss what this drop entails in terms of modulating neuroprotection and resilience in the aging brain downstream of spatiotemporal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) signaling, as well as in terms of the sex differences observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, controversies related to ER expression in the brain will be discussed. Understanding the spatiotemporal signaling of sex hormones in the brain can lead to more personalized prevention strategies or therapies combating neurodegenerative diseases.