2021/04/26 by Kiwamu Tanaka, Martin Heil · 4 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Immunology and Microbiology · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity #Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities #Transgenic Plants and Applications
paper · doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082718-100146
Danger signals trigger immune responses upon perception by a complex surveillance system. Such signals can originate from the infectious nonself or the damaged self, the latter termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Here, we apply Matzinger's danger model to plant innate immunity to discuss the adaptive advantages of DAMPs and their integration into preexisting signaling pathways. Constitutive DAMPs (cDAMPs), e.g., extracellular ATP, histones, and self-DNA, fulfill primary, conserved functions and adopt a signaling role only when cellular damage causes their fragmentation or localization to aberrant compartments. By contrast, immunomodulatory peptides (also known as phytocytokines) exclusively function as signals and, upon damage, are activated as inducible DAMPs (iDAMPs). Dynamic coevolutionary processes between the signals and their emerging receptors and shared co-receptors have likely linked danger recognition to preexisting, conserved downstream pathways.