2016/07/08 by Ikjyot Singh Kohli, Kohli, Ikjyot Singh, Michael C. Haslam +1
Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1607.02401
openalex publication_date 2016/07/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In this paper, we first show that the Einstein field equations for all perfect-fluid FLRW cosmologies can be written as a planar dynamical system with the equation of state parameter w and cosmological constant Λ as parameters. An important equilibrium point of this dynamical system is the origin which represents Minkowski spacetime. It is shown that the Einstein field equations in a neigbourhood of this point are equivalent to a degenerate Bogdanov-Takens normal form. This normal form admits a set of equilibrium points that describes a set of solutions to the Einstein field equations that have a constant rate of expansion, negative spatial curvature, zero cosmological constant and dust.