Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe
2008/03/07 by J. Frieman, Joshua A. Frieman, Joshua Frieman +3 · 1,931 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy #Astrophysics #Cold dark matter #Cosmology #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Dark energy #Dark fluid #Dark matter #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #General relativity #Lambda-CDM model #Metric expansion of space #Phantom energy #Physical cosmology #Physics #Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics #Theoretical physics #Universe #Vacuum energy #Zero-energy universe #astro-ph #gr-qc #hep-ph #hep-th
paper · pdf · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145243
published in Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 46(1), 385-432 (Annual Reviews) · Invited review for Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics; 53 pages, 18 figures
arxiv created 2008/03/07 · openalex publication_date 2008/08/15 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Abstract
Ten years ago, the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating put in place the last major building block of the present cosmological model, in which the universe is composed of 4% baryons, 20% dark matter, and 76% dark energy. At the same time, it posed one of the most profound mysteries in all of science, with deep connections to both astrophysics and particle physics. Cosmic acceleration could arise from the repulsive gravity of dark energy—for example, the quantum energy of the vacuum—or it may signal that general relativity (GR) breaks down on cosmological scales and must be replaced. We review the present observational evidence for cosmic acceleration and what it has revealed about dark energy, discuss the various theoretical ideas that have been proposed to explain acceleration, and describe the key observational probes that will shed light on this enigma in the coming years.
Citations
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