2025/09/09 by Hai Dinh-Tuan, Dinh-Tuan, Hai
Computer Science · Engineering · #Cloud Computing and Resource Management #Digital Transformation in Industry #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Smart Grid Security and Resilience #Software Engineering (cs.SE)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.07498
openalex publication_date 2025/09/09 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The convergence of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) in Industry 4.0 exposes the limitations of traditional, hierarchical architectures like ISA-95 and RAMI 4.0. Their inherent rigidity, data silos, and lack of support for cloud-native technologies impair the development of scalable and interoperable industrial systems. This paper addresses this issue by introducing CRACI, a Cloud-native Reference Architecture for the Industrial Compute Continuum. Among other features, CRACI promotes a decoupled and event-driven model to enable flexible, non-hierarchical data flows across the continuum. It embeds cross-cutting concerns as foundational pillars: Trust, Governance & Policy, Observability, and Lifecycle Management, ensuring quality attributes are core to the design. The proposed architecture is validated through a two-fold approach: (1) a comparative theoretical analysis against established standards, operational models, and academic proposals; and (2) a quantitative evaluation based on performance data from previously published real-world smart manufacturing implementations. The results demonstrate that CRACI provides a viable, state-of-the-art architecture that utilizes the compute continuum to overcome the structural limitations of legacy models and enable scalable, modern industrial systems.